There are many different kinds of peace talks, but they all share certain characteristics: they aim to bring a negotiated settlement to a conflict, and they seek to do so through a process that is largely formal and structured. Peace talks may involve a wide range of parties, from the government and rebels to civil society and other stakeholders. They typically take place in a context of intense political pressure.

Talks that are seriously geared toward ending conflict may create a safe environment for dialogue by halting active hostilities, offering humanitarian access and setting the stage for more formal negotiations. They also help to build trust among the participating parties.

In any negotiated settlement, one of the key challenges is balancing security and governance. For example, if leaders believe their enemy will view a compromise as a sign of weakness, they will not be willing to negotiate.

Some scholars argue that establishing basic political stability should be the primary objective of a peace agreement, and that it will need to include provisions such as rights protections and governmental accountability. Moreover, these arrangements must be supported by a strong and well-financed state capacity that is capable of delivering public goods and services in a post conflict situation.