Global drought is one of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century. This phenomenon not only affects ecosystems, but also has a significant impact on economies in various parts of the world. Today, more than 2 billion people experience water shortages, and this number is expected to increase as climate change worsens. The impact of the global drought is far-reaching. The agricultural sector is the most affected, because plants need sufficient water to grow. A decrease in agricultural production due to drought can cause an increase in food prices, which has the potential to increase poverty rates in areas that depend on agriculture as the main source of livelihood. Additionally, drought worsens global food security. Countries that previously could produce enough food now have to import food at high costs. In the industrial sector, drought affects water supplies for production processes. Many industries, such as energy and manufacturing, depend on water for daily operations. When water supplies decrease, production can stop, causing significant financial losses. For example, hydroelectric power plants often become less effective due to reduced water volumes, thereby increasing dependence on more polluting fossil energy sources. The socio-economic impact of global drought is also visible in migration. Areas experiencing severe drought often become migration points for people seeking better living conditions. This migration can exacerbate social tensions in areas receiving refugees, as well as cause new conflicts over access to limited resources. In some countries, drought has even sparked social protests and armed conflict. In facing this challenge, many countries have begun to implement more efficient water resource management policies. Modern irrigation technology and sustainable farming practices are increasingly popular solutions. For example, drip irrigation techniques can reduce water use by up to 50%, allowing farmers to continue producing even in drought conditions. Drought adaptation strategies are also integrated into development planning in many countries. Development of green infrastructure such as tree planting and wetland protection helps maintain the water cycle and supports biodiversity. Apart from that, education about water conservation is crucial to increase public awareness of the importance of protecting water resources. Global drought is not only an environmental problem, but also a multisectoral issue that needs to be addressed with global collaboration. Investment in research and development of new technologies, as well as the implementation of local and global initiatives, is critical. Without immediate and effective action, the negative impacts of drought will continue, harming economies and people’s lives around the world.